1. Web Application Security Standards and Best Practices
OWASP TOP 10 - 2021
Website: https://owasp.org/Top10/
A01: 2021 - Broken Access Control A02: 2021 - Cryptographic Failures A03: 2021 - Injection A04: 2021 - Insecure Design A05: 2021 - Security Misconfiguration A06: 2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components A07: 2021 - Identification and Authentication Failures A08: 2021 - Software and Data Integrity Failures A09: 2021 - Security Logging and Monitoring Failures A10: 2021 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
NOTE: It's important to know that even though a web application might appear vulnerable to any of the bugs in case it cannot be exploited because of some other configuration the report wouldn't be accepted as a good one.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
Website: https://cwe.mitre.org/index.html
CWE™ is a community-developed list of software and hardware weakness types. It serves as a common language, a measuring stick for security tools, and as a baseline for weakness identification, mitigation, and prevention efforts.
Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Weaknesses as of 2023:
Out-of-Bounds Write
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Use After Free
Impropert Neutralization of Special Elements in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Improper Input Validation
Out-of-bounds Read
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Missing Authorization
NULL Pointer Dereference
Improper Authentication
Integer Overflow Wraparound
Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Use of Hard-Coded Credentials
Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Improper Privilege Management
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Incorrect Authorization
Incorrect Default Permissions
IMPORTANT STUDY NOTES WHEN EXPLORING A BUG
Go on OWASP TOP 10 - Pick a type of BUG
Go on CWE - explore everything from that bug and how it looks in code
Optional - go on BurpAcademy study that specific type of bug
Deepen your understanding by checking other resources or blogs that talk about this
OWASP Top 10 - also has a deeper dive into bugs and more important how to SANITIZE against them.
SANS - May be a better interface to browse through CWEs